最新人教版新课标高中英语必修一第一单元-friendship-阅读课件课件PPT.ppt 47页

'人教版新课标高中英语必修一第一单元-friendship-阅读课件 Friendsarelikewine;theolder,thebetter.友谊象美酒,越陈越醇厚. Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情 2.Yourfriendaskstoborrowyourfavouritecamera.Whenhe/sheborroweditlasttime,he/shebrokeitandyouhadtogetitrepaired.YouwillSayno.Letyourfriendborrowitwithoutsayinganything.Letyourfriendborrowit,buttellhe/shethatifthecameraisbrokenagain,he/shewillhavetogetitrepaired. 3.Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.Thebellringssoyouneedtogotoclass.YouwillIgnorethebellandgosomewherequiettocalmyourfrienddown.Tellyourfriendthatyou’vegottogotoclass.Tellyourfriendthatyouareconcernedabouthim/herandyouwillmeetafterclassandtalkthen. 4.Yourfriendhasgoneonholidayandaskedyoutotakecareofhis/herdog.Whilewalkthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.Thedog’slegwasbroken.YouwillTakethedogtothevetandpaythebillyourself.Askyouparentstotakethedogtothevetandpayforit.Takethedogtothevetbutgivethetoyourfriendtopay. 5.Youaretakingyourend-of-termexam.Yourfriend,whodoesn’tworkhard,asksyoutohelphim/hercheatintheexambylookingatyourpaper.YouwillLethim/herlookatyourpaper.Tellhim/herthathe/sheshouldhavestudied,soyoudon’tlethim/herlookatyourpaper.Tellhim/hertolookatsomeoneelse’spaper. 4---8Youarealwaysthinkingaboutyourself.Youshouldcaremoreaboutyourfriends.Ifyoucontinuetobeself-centeredanddon’tconsiderothers’feelings,youwon’tmakemorefriendsandkeepfriendshipforlong.9---13Youtakethingssmoothly.Youseldomhurtyourfriendswithyourbenefitconsidered.You’dbetteraddmoreaffectiontoyourfriends.Friendshipisaboutfeelingsandwemustgiveasmuchaswetake.14—18Wow!Howfaithfulandgenerousyouare!Congratulations!Youarealwaysreadytohelpyourfriends.Whenevertheyhaveanydifficulty,you’lltryyourbesttodowhatyoucantohelpthemwithouthesitation. Pre-readingWhydoyouneedfriends?Makealistreasonswhyfriendsareimportanttoyou.Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?Whatelsecanbeyourfriend?SkimthefirstparagraphofthereadingpassagebelowandfindwhowasAnne’sbestfriend. BackgroundWorldWarIIJewswereroundedupbyNazisoldiersandforcedtoleavehome. PolishJewsontheirwaytoaNazideathcampJewsinaconcentrationcamp（集中营） AmassgraveTheremainsofJewsTheHolocaust（大屠杀）Victimsofthegaschambers（毒气室） AnneFrank1929BorninGermany 1933MovedtoAmsterdam From1940Hiddeninabuildingfortwoyears,writingdiary 1944Discoveredandwaskilledthenextyear Herdiarywaspublishedafterthewar IFastreading1.Readthefirstpartofthereadingsectionandanswerthesequestions:WhowasAnne’sbestfriend?Whendidthestoryhappen?Herdiary―Kitty.DuringWorldWarII.Skimming WhydidAnnemakeherdiaryherfriends?WhyAnne’sfamilyhide?WhatmadeAnnecrazyaboutnature?WhatkindoflifeMainidea2.Choosethebestanswer:DADCFastreadingScanningD CarefulreadingDuringWorldWarIISetdownaseriesoffactsDiscovered;theGermanNazisAnneFrankmadeherdiaryherbestfriend.Becauseshewantedafriendwhomshecouldtelleverythingto.Becausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced SummaryhidbecaughtthatwithawakeatobeuntilSadlydoing Choosethecorrectanswers1AnneFrankandherfamilyhidawayfor___AoverayearBovertwoyearsCthreeyearsConeyearandahalf2AccordingtoAnne,atruefriendisaperson___AthatwouldlaughatyouBwhomakesyouhappyCwhomyoucantrustDwhocouldsaveyourlife3Annesaidthatshehadgrowncrazyaboutnaturebecause___AherinterestinnatureBshehadalwaysbeensohadgrownCshehadbeenoutdoorsDshehadbeenindoorstoolongtoolongBCD 4Shedidn’tdareopenthewindowwhenthemoonwasbright.That’sbecause___AtheymightbediscoveredBherfamilymightbe　disturbedCitwasverycoldDathiefmightgetintotheroom5AnneandherfamilywerecaughtbyGermanNazis___AaboutJune1945BaboutFebruary1945CaboutAugust1944DaboutNovember1944AB moresayingsorproverbsaboutfriendship:It’seasiertogetpilesofgoldthanarealfriend.万两黄金容易得，知音一个也难求。Goodcompanyontheroadistheshortestcut.结伴同行不觉路远！Withclothesthenewarebest;withfriendstheoldarethebest.衣服尚新，朋友尚旧！Friendsarelikewine;theolder,thebetter.朋友似美酒，越陈越香！Thefriendshipthatcanendwasneverreal.会结束的绝非真友谊！ 血栓闭塞性脉管炎Buerger病天坛医院外科贾玉龙 病因吸烟：烟碱60-90%寒冷和感染：皮肤霉菌激素：前列腺功能紊乱血管神经调节障碍自身免疫性功能紊乱 病理解剖主要中小动、静脉，动脉为主下肢的趾、足背和胫、腓动脉上肢的指、桡和尺动脉 临床表现（1）疼痛：最突出的症状动脉痉挛神经末梢感受器疼痛动脉内膜炎血栓形成间歇性跛行重者静息疼闭缺血性 临床表现（2）发凉和感觉异常：早期症状发凉：趾、指端最明显感觉异常：麻木、烧灼感、针刺感皮肤色泽改变动脉缺血皮肤苍白浅层血管张力减弱皮肤变薄潮红、发绀 临床表现（3）游走性浅静脉炎多发于足背和小腿浅V营养缺乏性变化皮肤干燥、脱屑、趾甲增厚、肌肉松弛、萎缩动脉搏动减少或消失足背、胫后、桡、尺A坏疽和溃疡趾、指端 病理演变和临床分期第一期：局部缺血期第二期：营养障碍期第三期：坏疽期 第一期：局部缺血期疼痛，间歇性跛行1-2公里发凉和感觉异常皮肤色泽改变，苍白游走性浅静脉炎，足背A搏动功能性因素（痉挛）>器质性因素（闭塞） 第二期：营养障碍期第一期症状均加重疼痛，间歇性跛行转为持续性静息痛，夜间疼痛明显发凉，怕冷，感觉异常苍白明显，皮温，潮红与紫斑游走性浅V炎，足背A搏动消失营养缺乏性变化腰交感N阻滞试验后，皮温可升高，但低于正常水平 第三期：坏疽期指、趾端发黑，干瘪坏疽、溃疡如合并感染、湿性坏疽，症状加重，疼痛动脉完全闭塞，血供只能使以上肢体存活 诊断要点青壮年男性，吸烟嗜好肢体有不同的缺血表现足背A搏动减弱或消失 检查一般检查跛行距离和跛行时间皮肤温度测定Buerger试验解张试验特殊检查电阻抗血流测定检查多普勒超声波检查动脉造影 鉴别诊断（1）动脉粥样硬化性闭塞高龄高血压病变为大、中AX光片A病变钙化斑糖尿病坏疽烦渴、善饿、多尿尿糖（+）血糖（+） 鉴别诊断（2）多发性大A炎腹主A、锁骨下A多见女性ESRIgGA造影可诊断 治疗原则：防止病变进展，改善和增进下肢血液循环一般疗法药物治疗高压氧治疗手术治疗 一般疗法戒烟保暖，但不能加热，加重缺氧不要损伤，软、松、溃疡坏死Buerger运动法：促进侧肢循环建立 药物治疗中医中药毛冬青、复方丹参、当归注射液血管扩张剂妥拉苏林25-50mgTid烟酸、盐酸罂粟碱2.5%Mgso4100mlivQd15天一疗程休2周抗生素，抗感染一、二期病人 高压氧治疗血氧，增加肢体供氧每日一次每次3-4小时10次为一疗程 手术治疗一、二期病人，解张试验，切除同侧L2、3、4交感N节和N链可解除血管痉挛和改进侧支循环截肢界线清后，切除病变广，疼痛加重，截肢其他大网膜移植术血栓内膜剥脱术'